This chamber is typically on the far right side of the system (Teleflex Medical Incorporated, 2009). The outer surface of the chamber has a “write-on” surface to document the date, time, and amount of fluid. The chamber is calibrated to measure the drainage. Collection chamber: The chest tube connects directly to the collection chamber, which collects drainage from the pleural cavity.In general, a traditional chest tube drainage system will have these three chambers: Always review what type of system is used in your agency, and follow the agency’s and the manufacturer’s directions for setup, monitoring, and use. The traditional chest drainage system typically has three chambers (Bauman & Handley, 2011 Rajan, 2013). Figure 10.4 Chest tube drainage system secured to IV pole Figure 10.5 Chest tube drainage system Figure 10.6 Chest tube drainage system with labelled partsĪ chest tube drainage system is a sterile, disposable system that consists of a compartment system that has a one-way valve, with one or multiple chambers, to remove air or fluid and prevent return of the air or fluid back into the patient (see Figures 10.5 and 10.6). Cardiac tamponade (accumulation of blood surrounding the heart after open heart surgery or chest surgery)Ī chest tube drainage system must always be placed below the drainage site and secured in an upright position (attached to the floor or an IV pole, as in Figure 10.4) to prevent it from being knocked over.
Traumatic pneumothorax (stab or gunshot wound).The following are some of the conditions that may require a chest tube drainage system (Bauman & Handley, 2011 Perry et al., 2014): A chest tube may also be inserted to drain the pericardial sac after open heart surgery, and may be placed directly under the sternum (Perry et al., 2014). If there is fluid in the pleural space, the chest tube is inserted at the fourth to fifth intercostal space, at the mid-axillary line. If air is in the pleural space, the chest tube will be inserted above the second intercostal space at the mid-clavical line. The location of the chest tube depends on what is being drained from the pleural cavity. Because the pleural cavity normally has negative pressure, which allows for lung expansion, any tube connected to it must be sealed so that air or liquid cannot enter the space where the tube is inserted (Bauman & Handley, 2011 Rajan, 2013). The system is airtight to prevent the inflow of atmospheric pressure. The chest tube is connected to a closed chest drainage system, which allows for air or fluid to be drained, and prevents air or fluid from entering the pleural space. A large amount of fluid or air cannot be absorbed by the body and will require a drainage system (Bauman & Handley, 2011 Perry et al., 2014). A small amount of fluid or air may be absorbed by the body without a chest tube. Negative pressure is disrupted when air, or fluid and air, enters the pleural space and separates the visceral pleura from the parietal pleura, preventing the lung from collapsing and compressing at the end of exhalation. A patient may require a chest drainage system any time the negative pressure in the pleural cavity is disrupted, resulting in respiratory distress. The pleural space is the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, and is also known as the pleural cavity. A chest tube, also known as a thoracic catheter, is a sterile tube with a number of drainage holes that is inserted into the pleural space.
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